Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a material deposition process that builds up a structure layer-by-layer using a multi-axis motion control system and a wire arc welding process. The thermal stability of the process is often a challenge: the interlayer dwell time in WAAM is often preset before the build-up commences. As a result, the required cooling time is usually calculated empirically; it usually does not account for the heat collected in the deposit from one layer to the next.